What are the DSM-5-TR criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

What are the DSM-5-TR criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder?

• A. Mood instability and risk-taking.
• B. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both; they are time-consuming (often >1 hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment; not due to another condition; not better explained by substances.
• C. Excessive sleepiness and cataplexy.
• D. Delusions about persecution.

Answer: (B)

The main idea tested is how obsessive-compulsive disorder is defined in DSM-5-TR. OCD requires either obsessions, compulsions, or both. Obsessions are intrusive, unwanted thoughts, urges, or images that cause anxiety. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform to reduce that distress or prevent a feared outcome. For a diagnosis, these symptoms must take up a lot of time (often more than an hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in daily functioning. The symptoms also can’t be explained by another medical condition or substance, and they aren’t better accounted for by another mental disorder. So the correct choice captures the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both, their substantial time/distress/impairment impact, and the rule-out criteria (not due to another condition or substances). The other options describe issues more typical of other disorders—mood instability and risk-taking (some mood or personality disorders), excessive sleepiness and cataplexy (narcolepsy), or persecutory delusions (delusional disorder or psychotic conditions)—which do not match the OCD diagnostic criteria.

The main idea tested is how obsessive-compulsive disorder is defined in DSM-5-TR. OCD requires either obsessions, compulsions, or both. Obsessions are intrusive, unwanted thoughts, urges, or images that cause anxiety. Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform to reduce that distress or prevent a feared outcome. For a diagnosis, these symptoms must take up a lot of time (often more than an hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in daily functioning. The symptoms also can’t be explained by another medical condition or substance, and they aren’t better accounted for by another mental disorder.

So the correct choice captures the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both, their substantial time/distress/impairment impact, and the rule-out criteria (not due to another condition or substances). The other options describe issues more typical of other disorders—mood instability and risk-taking (some mood or personality disorders), excessive sleepiness and cataplexy (narcolepsy), or persecutory delusions (delusional disorder or psychotic conditions)—which do not match the OCD diagnostic criteria.